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Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder

ASD is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that manifests differently in each individual impacting social interactions, communication and behaviour. While the exact causes of autism remain unclear, research suggests that both genetic and environmental factors are to blame. In recent years there has been increased interest in nutrition and how it can support individuals with autism.

What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?

ASD is a lifelong developmental condition that affects how individuals can perceive the world and interact with others. It is characterised by a wide range of challenges including difficulties with social communication and repetitive behaviour. ASD is a spectrum condition meaning that all individuals will share certain difficulties, the severity and combination will vary with each individual.

  • Social challenges: Difficulty in understanding and responding to social cues such as making eye contact or engaging in reciprocal conversation.
  • Communication difficulties: Challenges in both verbal and nonverbal communication including delayed speech development and difficulty understanding figurative language.
  • Repetitive behaviours: Engaging in repetitive movements with hands or lining up objects (also known as stimming).
  • Sensory sensitivities: Increased sensitivity or aversion to sensory stimuli such as loud noises, bright lights, or certain textures.

Common misconceptions about autism

  • Autism is a disease: Autism is not a disease or an illness that can be cured. It is a neurological difference that means the individual perceives the world around them differently.
  • All individuals with autism are the same: Every person with autism is unique with their own strengths, challenges, abilities and preferences. Whilst some may excel in certain areas, others may need extra support.
  • People with autism lack empathy: Contrary to this belief, individuals with autism are capable of experiencing and expressing empathy. They may simply express it in different ways than the neurotypical person.
  • Individuals with autism cannot live independently: With appropriate support, many can lead independent and fulfilling lives. Employment opportunities, social services and educational resources can help individuals with autism to thrive.

Nutrients for autism support

  • Carnosine: Carnosine is a dipeptide composed of beta-alanine and histidine; which has antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Studies have shown carnosine may help improve behaviour and communication skills. Additionally, carnosine has been found to modulate neurotransmitter activity and reduce oxidative stress which could contribute to its beneficial effects.
  • Omega 3 fatty acids: Omega 3 fatty acids, particularly made up of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are essential for brain health and function. Research suggests omega 3 supplementation may be beneficial in reducing hyperactivity, improving attention span, and improving overall cognitive function.
  • Folate: Folate or B9 plays an important role in DNA synthesis and methylation, processes that are essential for proper neurodevelopment. Some studies suggest a potential link between maternal folate intake during pregnancy and a reduced risk of developing autism. Folate supplementation may support cognition and reduce behavioural symptoms in individuals with autism.
  • Vitamin D: Vitamin D is an important nutrient for many bodily processes such as immune function, inflammation regulation and neurotransmitter synthesis. Low levels have been associated with an increased risk of autism and may worsen symptoms. Studies have shown promising results with supplementing with vitamin D on improving behaviour, communication and social skills in some individuals. 
  • Magnesium: Magnesium is an important mineral involved in many bodily processes. Magnesium deficiency has been linked to increased symptoms such as irritability, hyperactivity and sensory deficiencies for those on the spectrum.
  • Zinc: This trace mineral is important for immunity and neurotransmitter regulation. Taking zinc has been associated with better communication, social interaction, and overall better behaviour.
  • B6: Also known as pyridoxine, vitamin B6 is involved in immune function, neurotransmitter production and protein metabolism. Individuals with autism have been found to more likely have a deficiency in B6.
  • Dimethylglycine (DMG): This amino acid plays an important part in our immune system, methylation and detoxification pathways. DMG aims to support communication, sleep, bring focus and a sense of calm. 

Improving nutritional intake through diet and supplementation may help support those individuals with ASD. 

Here our some of our nutritionists’ recommendations…

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